Display apparatus having mirror function

ABSTRACT

A display apparatus includes a display layer, an encapsulation layer, and a reflective layer. The display layer is on a substrate and includes a non-emission area adjacent to an emission area. The encapsulation layer is over the display layer. The reflective layer is on the encapsulation layer and includes a first opening corresponding to the emission area and a reflecting area adjacent the first opening and corresponding to the non-emission area. The reflective layer transmits light in a first mode and reflects light in a second mode different from the first mode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

Korean Patent Application No. 10-2014-0107759, filed on Aug. 19, 2014,and entitled: “Display Apparatus Having Mirror Function,” isincorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more embodiments described herein relate to a display apparatushaving a minor function.

2. Description of the Related Art

Flat panel displays are large, thin, and lightweight. Examples includeliquid crystal displays, plasma display panels, and organiclight-emitting displays.

SUMMARY

In accordance with one embodiment, a display apparatus includes asubstrate, a display on the substrate and including a non-emission areaadjacent to an emission area, an encapsulation layer over the display,and a reflective layer on the encapsulation layer and including a firstopening corresponding to the emission area and a reflecting areaadjacent the first opening and corresponding to the non-emission area,the reflective layer to transmit light in a first mode and to reflectlight in a second mode different from the first mode.

The display apparatus may include a light-absorbing layer on theencapsulation layer, wherein the light-absorbing layer includes a secondopening that corresponds to the emission area and a light-absorbing areaadjacent the second opening and that corresponds to the non-emissionarea. A width of the first opening may be less than or equal to a widthof the second opening. The reflective layer may be on a first surfaceopposite to a second surface of the encapsulation layer that faces thedisplay, and the light-absorbing layer may be on the second surface ofthe encapsulation layer that faces the display.

The display apparatus may include a color filter in the second opening.The display may include a plurality of pixels to emit white light. Thedisplay apparatus may include a wire grid polarizer in the secondopening. The reflective layer may include a switching layer thatincludes: an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and at least one of calcium (Ca),strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba), and a catalyst layer to performhydrogenation or dehydrogenation in the switching layer.

The display may include a plurality of pixels to emit different colorsof light. Each of the pixels may include a first electrode electricallyconnected to a thin-film transistor to drive the pixel; a secondelectrode facing the first electrode; and an intermediate layer betweenthe first electrode and the second electrode and including an organicemission layer.

Each of the pixels may include a pixel electrode electrically connectedto a thin-film transistor to drive the pixel; a common electrode facingthe pixel electrode; and a liquid crystal layer between the pixelelectrode and the common electrode.

In accordance with another embodiment, a display apparatus includes asubstrate, a display on the substrate and including a non-emission areaadjacent to an emission area, a light-absorbing layer on the display andcorresponding to the non-emission area, and a reflective layer on thelight-absorbing layer and planarly overlapping the light-absorbinglayer, the reflective layer to transmit light in a first mode and toreflect light in a second mode.

The display apparatus may include an encapsulation layer between thelight-absorbing layer and the reflective layer and facing the substrate.The reflective layer and the light-absorbing layer may respectivelyinclude a first opening and a second opening that correspond to theemission area, and a width of the first opening may be less than orequal to a width of the second opening.

The display apparatus may include a color filter on the display andcorresponding to the emission area. The display apparatus may include awire grid polarizer on the display and corresponding to the emissionarea. The reflective layer may include a switching layer that includes:an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and at least one of calcium (Ca), strontium(Sr), or barium (Ba), and a catalyst layer to perform hydrogenation ordehydrogenation in the switching layer.

The display may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing thefirst electrode, and an intermediate layer between the first electrodeand the second electrode and including an organic emission layer. Thedisplay may include a pixel electrode, a common electrode facing thepixel electrode, and a liquid crystal layer between the pixel electrodeand the common electrode.

In accordance with another embodiment, a display apparatus may include adisplay layer including a non-emission area and an emission area, anencapsulation layer over the display layer, and a reflective layer onthe encapsulation layer, wherein the reflective layer includes a firstopening corresponding to the emission area and a reflecting areaadjacent the first opening and corresponding to the non-emission area,the reflective layer to transmit light in a display mode and to reflectlight in a mirror mode.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features will become apparent to those of skill in the art by describingin detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawingsin which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a display apparatus;

FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the display apparatus;

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a pixel;

FIG. 4 illustrates a magnified cross-sectional view of the pixel;

FIGS. 5A and 5B are examples of light paths in display and mirror modes;and

FIGS. 6 to 9 illustrate additional embodiments of a display apparatus.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Example embodiments are described more fully hereinafter with referenceto the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in differentforms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments setforth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that thisdisclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully conveyexemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

In the drawings, the dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggeratedfor clarity of illustration. It will also be understood that when alayer or element is referred to as being “on” another layer orsubstrate, it can be directly on the other layer or substrate, orintervening layers may also be present. Further, it will be understoodthat when a layer is referred to as being “under” another layer, it canbe directly under, and one or more intervening layers may also bepresent. In addition, it will also be understood that when a layer isreferred to as being “between” two layers, it can be the only layerbetween the two layers, or one or more intervening layers may also bepresent. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a displayapparatus 1. FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the display apparatus1. FIG. 3 is a magnified cross-sectional view of one embodiment of apixel, which, for example, may be in the display apparatus 1.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 3, the display apparatus 1 includes asubstrate 100, a display unit 200 on the substrate 100 and having anemission area EA and a non-emission area NA adjacent to (e.g.,surrounds) the emission area EA, and an encapsulation member 300 facingthe substrate 100 with display unit 200 therebetween. The encapsulationmember or layer 300 encapsulates the substrate 100 and display unit 200,and thus protects display unit 200 from exterior oxygen or moisture.

A sealant 201 bonds the substrate 100 and the encapsulation member 300.An absorbent and/or a filling member may be arranged in a space betweenthe substrate 100 and the encapsulation member 300 formed by the sealant201.

The substrate 100 may be, for example, a transparent glass substrate ora plastic substrate. The encapsulation member 300 may include the samematerial (e.g., transparent glass or plastic) as the substrate 100 or adifferent material.

The display unit 200 includes the emission area EA and the non-emissionarea NA. The emission area EA includes a plurality of pixels P1 throughP9 that respectively emit light of predetermined colors to form animage.

A light-absorbing layer 40 may be on a second surface 301 of theencapsulation member 300 which faces the display unit 200. A reflectivemember or layer 50 may be on a first surface 302 of the encapsulationmember 300.

The reflective member 50 includes a first opening H1 that corresponds tothe emission area EA, and a reflecting part 51 that surrounds the firstopening H1 in correspondence with the non-emission area NA. Thereflective member 50 and/or the reflecting part 51 transmits or reflectslight based on the mode of operation. For example, the reflective member50 may switch between or among these modes.

The light-absorbing layer 40 includes a second opening H2 thatcorresponds to the emission area EA, and a light-absorbing part 41 thatsurrounds the second opening H2 in correspondence with the non-emissionarea NA. An area of the first opening H1 may be equal to or less than anarea of the second opening H2. In one embodiment, the light-absorbinglayer 40 may be completely covered in a planar manner by the reflectivemember 50.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a structure of the display unit 200.This structure includes a buffer layer 11 (which may be formed as asingle layer or multiple layers including silicon nitride (SiN_(x)) andsilicon oxide (SiO_(x)) on the substrate 100. A thin-film transistor TFTincluding an active layer 12, a gate electrode 14, a source electrode16S, and a drain electrode 16D may be on the buffer layer 11.

A gate insulating layer 13 is between the active layer 12 and the gateelectrode 14. An interlayer insulating layer 15 is on the gate electrode14. The gate insulating layer 13 and the interlayer insulating layer 15may be formed as a single layer or multiple layers including siliconnitride (SiN_(x)) and silicon oxide (SiO_(x)) or may include an organicmaterial.

The active layer 12 may include inorganic semiconductor such asamorphous silicon or crystalline silicon, an oxide semiconductor, or anorganic semiconductor, and may include a source region, a drain region,and a channel region. The source and drain regions of the active layer12 may be formed in a manner such that an amorphous silicon layer or acrystalline silicon layer is formed and then is doped with an impurity.

The gate electrode 14 includes, for example, at least one metalincluding but not limited to aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium(Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium(Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), molybdenum(Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and copper (Cu), and may be formed astriple layers of Ti/Al/Ti or Mo/Al/Mo.

The source electrode 16S and the drain electrode 16D may be electricallyconnected to the source region and the drain region of the active layer12, respectively, via contact holes formed through the interlayerinsulating layer 15 and the gate insulating layer 13. Similar to thegate electrode 14, each of the source electrode 16S and the drainelectrode 16D may include at least one metal including but not limitedto aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium(Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr),lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten(W), and copper (Cu), and may be formed as triple layers of Ti/Al/Ti orMo/Al/Mo.

A passivation layer 17 covers and may be on the thin-film transistorTFT. The passivation layer 17 may include a via hole that exposes aportion of the drain electrode 16D. A first electrode 21 of an organiclight-emitting device OLED may be electrically connected to the drainelectrode 16D through the via hole. For example, the first electrode 21may be electrically connected to the thin-film transistor TFT thatdrives the pixel.

The organic light-emitting device OLED may be disposed on thepassivation layer 17, and may include the first electrode 21, anintermediate layer 22 including an organic emission layer (organic EML),and a second electrode 23.

The first electrode 21 may have an island form that is separate in eachof the pixels P1 through P9. A pixel-defining layer 18 may be on thepassivation layer 17, for example, to cover side portions of the firstelectrode 21.

The first electrode 21 may be a reflective electrode including areflective layer. For example, the reflective layer may include at leastone of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt),palladium (Pd), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir),and chrome (Cr), and a transparent or translucent electrode layerincluding at least one selected from the group consisting of indium tinoxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide(In₂O₃), indium gallium oxide (IGO), or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), andmay be arranged on the reflective layer. In one embodiment, the firstelectrode 21 may be formed as triple layers of ITO/Ag/ITO.

The intermediate layer 22 may include the organic EML, and may includeat least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer(HTL), an electron transport layer (ETL), or an electron injection layer(EIL). In another embodiment, the intermediate layer 22 may include oneor more different or additional functional layers.

The organic EML in the intermediate layer 22 may include an organicmaterial that emits one or more predetermined colors (e.g., green, red,or blue) of light.

The second electrode 23 may be a transparent or translucent electrode,may include at least one of silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg),lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), LiF/Ca, LiF/Al, MgAg, and CaAg,and may be formed as a thin layer having a thickness of several toseveral tens of nanometers (nm).

The encapsulation member 300 may be on the organic light-emitting deviceOLED, the light-absorbing layer 40 may be on the second surface 301 ofthe encapsulation member 300 which faces the display unit 200 (refer toFIG. 1), and the reflective member 50 may be on the first surface 302 ofthe encapsulation member 300, which is an opposite surface of the secondsurface 301 of the encapsulation member 300 which faces the display unit200 (refer to FIG. 1).

The reflective member 50 includes the first opening H1 that correspondsto the emission area EA and the reflecting part 51 that surrounds thefirst opening H1 so as to correspond to the non-emission area NA. Thelight-absorbing layer 40 includes the second opening H2 that correspondsto the emission area EA and the light-absorbing part 41 that surroundsthe second opening H2 so as to correspond to the non-emission area NA.The reflecting part 51 and the light-absorbing part 41 may planarlyoverlap each other. A width W1 of the first opening H1 may be less thanor equal to a width W2 of the second opening H2.

The reflective member 50 is a switchable reflective member 50 thattransmits or reflects light according to the mode of operation. Forexample, the reflective member 50 may transmit light in a display mode(in which light is emitted from the organic light-emitting device OLEDand thus an image is displayed), and the reflective member 50 mayreflect external light in a mirror mode (in which an image is notdisplayed, and thus may allow the display apparatus 1 to function as amirror). Thus, the reflective member 50 may be reversibly switchedbetween a transmitting state and a reflective state.

If the reflective member 50 reflects light in the display mode, acontrast of a displayed image may deteriorate. However, in the presentembodiment, the display apparatus 1 employs the switchable reflectivemember 50 and thus does not reflect light in the display mode, so thatimage contrast may be improved. Here, light that passes through thereflective member 50 may be absorbed by the light-absorbing layer 40that planarly overlaps the reflective member 50. That is, since thelight-absorbing layer 40 is so arranged, external light may not bereflected by electrodes or wires in the display apparatus 1.

In the mirror mode, the reflective member 50 may reflect external lightand thus the display apparatus 1 may function as a mirror. Also, sincethe width W2 of the second opening H2 of the light-absorbing layer 40 isequal to or greater than the width W1 of the first opening H1 of thereflective member 50, the light-absorbing layer 40 may be completelycovered in a planar manner by the reflective member 50. Thus, in themirror mode, the light-absorbing layer 40 may not be visible due to thereflective member 50.

FIG. 4 is a magnified cross-sectional view of a portion A in FIG. 3.Referring to FIG. 4, the reflecting part 51 in the reflective member 50of FIG. 3 may include a switchable layer 51 a and a catalyst layer 51 bthat promotes hydrogenation or dehydrogenation in the switchable layer51 a.

Transmittance of the switchable layer 51 a may be changed according todegrees of hydrogenation. Thus, when the switchable layer 51 a ishydrogenated, the transmittance of the switchable layer 51 a may beincreased so that the reflective member 50 transmits external light.When the switchable layer 51 a is dehydrogenated, reflectance of theswitchable layer 51 a may be increased so that the reflective member 50reflects external light.

The switchable layer 51 a may include a material having a transmittancethat changes according to hydrogenation and dehydrogenation. Forexample, the switchable layer 51 a may be formed of an alloy ofmagnesium (Mg) and at least one metal including but not limited tocalcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba). In another embodiment, theswitchable layer 51 a may include an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and adifferent transition element such as nickel (Ni) or titanium (Ti). Inone application application, the thickness of the switchable layer 51 amay be between about 10 nm and about 200 nm. If the thickness is lessthan 10 nm, the reflectance may not be sufficiently high in thedehydrogenation. If the thickness is equal to or greater than 200 nm,the transmittance may not be sufficiently high in the hydrogenation.Nevertheless, the thickness may be less than 10 nm or greater than 200nm in alternative embodiments.

The catalyst layer 51 b may be on the switchable layer 51 a, may promotehydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the switchable layer 51 a, and thusmay decrease a switching time between the transmitting state and thereflective state. The catalyst layer 51 b may include, for example, oneor more of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), a palladium alloy, or aplatinum alloy.

Various methods may be used to hydrogenate or dehydrogenate theswitchable layer 51 a. For example, the switchable layer 51 a and thecatalyst layer 51 b may be encapsulated by glass or the like, andhydrogen may be supplied into an encapsulated space in order tohydrogenate the switchable layer 51 a. Oxygen or air may be suppliedinto the encapsulated space in order to dehydrogenate the switchablelayer 51 a.

In another embodiment, an electrolyte solution layer including, forexample, a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution or the like may be disposedon the catalyst layer 51 b. A voltage may be applied to the electrolytesolution layer in order to hydrogenate the switchable layer 51 ordehydrogenate this layer according to a direction of an electric field.An electrode may apply the voltage to the electrolyte solution layer.

FIGS. 5A and 5B conceptually illustrates examples of light paths indisplay and mirror modes, respectively. Referring to FIG. 5A, in thedisplay mode, light emitted from the organic light-emitting device OLED(refer to FIG. 3) is externally emitted to display an image. Thereflecting part 51 in the reflective member 50 (refer to FIG. 3) maytransmit external light, and the transmitted light may be absorbed bythe light-absorbing part 41 in the light-absorbing layer 40 (refer toFIG. 3.).

For example, in the display mode, light may not be reflected by thereflecting part 51 so that the contrast of a realized image may notdeteriorate. Also, external light that passes through the reflectingpart 51 may be absorbed by the light-absorbing part 41, so thatreflection of the external light may be prevented and, thus, visibilityof the display apparatus 1 may be further improved.

Referring to FIG. 5B, in the mirror mode, light may not be emitted fromthe organic light-emitting device OLED and the reflecting part 51reflects external light. As a result, the display apparatus 1 functionsas a mirror.

Here, the width W1 of the first opening H1 in the reflective member 50may be less than or equal to the width W2 of the second opening H2 inthe light-absorbing layer 40. In one embodiment, the width W1 of thefirst opening H1 may be less than the width W2 of the second opening H2.Thus, the light-absorbing layer 40 may be completely covered by thereflective member 50 and, thus, may not be visible in the mirror mode.

FIGS. 6 to 9 are cross-sectional views of additional embodiments ofdisplay apparatuses 2 through 5. Referring to FIG. 6, the displayapparatus 2 includes a light-absorbing layer 40 and a switchablereflective member 50 on the second surface 301 of an encapsulationmember 300, which faces an organic light-emitting device OLED, and thattransmits or reflects light according to the mode of operation. Forexample, the reflective member 50 may contact the second surface 301 ofthe encapsulation member 300, and the light-absorbing layer 40 may bebelow the reflective member 50.

The reflective member 50 includes a first opening H1 that corresponds toan emission area EA, and a reflecting part 51 that surrounds the firstopening H1 that corresponds to a non-emission area NA. Thelight-absorbing layer 40 includes a second opening H2 that correspondsto the emission area EA, and a light-absorbing part 41 that surroundsthe second opening H2 that corresponds to the non-emission area NA. Awidth W1 of the first opening H1 may be less than or equal to a width W2of the second opening H2.

Referring to FIG. 7, the display apparatus 3 includes a color filter 60that corresponds to the emission area EA of the display apparatus 1 ofFIG. 3. For example, the color filter 60 may be in a second opening H2in a light-absorbing layer 40.

An organic light-emitting device OLED includes a first electrode 21electrically connected to a thin-film transistor TFT, a second electrode23 that faces the first electrode 21, and an intermediate layer 22between the first electrode 21 and the second electrode 23 and includingan organic EML.

The organic EML in the intermediate layer 22 may emit light of apredetermined color or combination of colors, e.g., white. For example,the organic EML may have a structure in which a red light-emittingmaterial, a green light-emitting material, and a blue light-emittingmaterial are stacked, or may have a structure in which the redlight-emitting material, the green light-emitting material, and the bluelight-emitting material are mixed. In another embodiment, differentcolors, or combinations of colors, may be used, including but notlimited to combinations that produce white light.

The display apparatus 3 that includes an organic EML that emits whitelight does not have a color interference problem that may generallyoccur among pixels for emitting light with different colors. As aresult, the defect rate of such an embodiment may be small andproductivity may be high.

The color filter 60 that corresponds to the emission area EA may absorblight that corresponds to a range of a wavelength from among wavelengthsof the white light emitted from the organic light-emitting device OLED.Thus a particular color may be assigned to the light emitted from theorganic light-emitting device OLED.

Referring to FIG. 8, the display apparatus 4 may include a wire gridpolarizer 70 that corresponds to the emission area EA of the displayapparatus 1 of FIG. 3. For example, the wire grid polarizer 70 may be ina second opening H2 in a light-absorbing layer 40.

The wire grid polarizer 70 indicates an array of fine metallic wiresarranged in parallel, and functions to transmit or reflect onlyparticular polarized-light of an electromagnetic wave. The wire gridpolarizer 70 may have an excellent or predetermined polarized lightseparating ability in a visible-light range. Light that does not passthrough the wire grid polarizer 70 may be reflected by the wire gridpolarizer 70. The light reflected by the wire grid polarizer 70 may bere-incident on an organic light-emitting device OLED, and a portion ofthe re-incident light may be reflected by a second electrode 23 and,thus, may be externally emitted or may be reflected again.

Thus, in the display apparatus 4 of the present embodiment, the wiregrid polarizer 70 is disposed in an area corresponding to the emissionarea EA, so that an efficiency of light discharged from the displayapparatus 4 may be improved.

Referring to FIG. 9, the display apparatus 5 may be a liquid crystaldisplay apparatus which includes a pixel electrode 521 electricallyconnected to a thin-film transistor TFT, a common electrode 523 thatfaces the pixel electrode 521, and a liquid crystal layer 522 betweenthe pixel electrode 521 and the common electrode 523.

The liquid crystal layer 522 is between the pixel electrode 521 and thecommon electrode 523. When a voltage is applied to the pixel electrode521 and the common electrode 523, the orientation of liquid crystals inthe liquid crystal layer 522 is controlled to block or transmit lightfrom a backlight. The pixel electrode 521 may be on a passivation layer17, may be electrically connected to a drain electrode 16D through a viahole included in the passivation layer 17, and may include a transparentconductive material.

Similar to the substrate 100, an encapsulation member 530 may be atransparent glass substrate or plastic substrate. A color filter 560that corresponds to an emission area EA and a light-absorbing layer 540that corresponds to a non-emission area EA may be on a surface of theencapsulation member 530 which faces the pixel electrode 521.

The color filter 560 may include a photosensitive organic material, andmay filter a color to light from the backlight passing through a liquidcrystal layer 522. The light-absorbing layer 540 may prevent a crosstalkand color interference between light after passing through the colorfilter 560.

An over coating layer 580 may cover the color filter 560 and thelight-absorbing layer 540, may include a material such as acryl-basedepoxy, and may protect the color filter 560. A common electrode 523 maybe on the over coating layer 580 and may include a transparentconductive material. The common electrode 523 and the pixel electrode521 may directly apply a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 522.

A reflective member 550 includes a first opening H1 that corresponds tothe emission area EA and a reflecting part 551 that surrounds the firstopening H1 that corresponds to the non-emission area NA, and may bearranged on a first surface opposite to a second surface of theencapsulation member 530 which faces the pixel electrode 521. Thelight-absorbing layer 540 may include a second opening H2 thatcorresponds to the emission area EA and a light-absorbing part 541 thatsurrounds the second opening H2 that corresponds to the non-emissionarea NA.

A reflective member 550 may be switchable in order to transmit orreflect light according to the mode of operation. In a display mode (inwhich light is emitted from the organic light-emitting device OLED todisplay an image), the reflective member 550 may transmit the light. Ina mirror mode (in which an image is not displayed), the reflectivemember 550 may reflect external light to allow the display apparatus 5to function as a mirror.

In the display mode, because the reflective member 550 does not reflectexternal light, image contrast may be improved. Here, the light thatpasses through the reflective member 550 may be absorbed by thelight-absorbing layer 540 that planarly overlaps the reflective member550.

According to one or more of the aforementioned embodiments, the displayapparatus may switch between a mirror mode and a display mode, and mayhave improved contrast when operating in display mode.

Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specificterms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a genericand descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In someinstances, as would be apparent to one of skill in the art as of thefiling of the present application, features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with a particular embodiment may beused singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/orelements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwiseindicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in theart that various changes in form and details may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the present invention as setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A display apparatus, comprising: a substrate; adisplay layer on the substrate and including a non-emission areaadjacent to an emission area; an encapsulation layer over the displaylayer; and a reflective layer on the encapsulation layer and including afirst opening corresponding to the emission area and a reflecting areaadjacent the first opening and corresponding to the non-emission area,the reflective layer to transmit light in a first mode and to reflectlight in a second mode different from the first mode.
 2. The displayapparatus as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: a light-absorbinglayer on the encapsulation layer, wherein the light-absorbing layerincludes a second opening that corresponds to the emission area and alight-absorbing area adjacent the second opening and that corresponds tothe non-emission area.
 3. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 2,wherein a width of the first opening is less than or equal to a width ofthe second opening.
 4. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 3,further comprising: a color filter in the second opening.
 5. The displayapparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the display layer includes aplurality of pixels to emit white light.
 6. The display apparatus asclaimed in claim 3, further comprising: a wire grid polarizer in thesecond opening.
 7. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein:the reflective layer is on a first surface opposite to a second surfaceof the encapsulation layer that faces the display layer, and thelight-absorbing layer is on the second surface of the encapsulationlayer that faces the display layer.
 8. The display apparatus as claimedin claim 1, wherein the reflective layer includes a switching layer thatincludes: an alloy of magnesium (Mg) and at least one of calcium (Ca),strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba), and a catalyst layer to performhydrogenation or dehydrogenation in the switching layer.
 9. The displayapparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display layer includes aplurality of pixels to emit different colors of light.
 10. The displayapparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein each of the pixels includes: afirst electrode electrically connected to a thin-film transistor todrive the pixel; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and anintermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrodeand including an organic emission layer.
 11. The display apparatus asclaimed in claim 9, wherein each of the pixels includes: a pixelelectrode electrically connected to a thin-film transistor to drive thepixel; a common electrode facing the pixel electrode; and a liquidcrystal layer between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. 12.A display apparatus, comprising: a substrate; a display layer on thesubstrate and including a non-emission area adjacent to an emissionarea; a light-absorbing layer on the display and corresponding to thenon-emission area; and a reflective layer on the light-absorbing layerand planarly overlapping the light-absorbing layer, the reflective layerto transmit light in a first mode and to reflect light in a second mode.13. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 12, further comprising: anencapsulation layer between the light-absorbing layer and the reflectivelayer and facing the substrate.
 14. The display apparatus as claimed inclaim 12, wherein: the reflective layer and the light-absorbing layerrespectively include a first opening and a second opening thatcorrespond to the emission area, and a width of the first opening isless than or equal to a width of the second opening.
 15. The displayapparatus as claimed in claim 12, further comprising: a color filter onthe display layer and corresponding to the emission area.
 16. Thedisplay apparatus as claimed in claim 12, further comprising: a wiregrid polarizer on the display layer and corresponding to the emissionarea.
 17. The display apparatus as claimed in claim 12, wherein thereflective layer includes a switching layer that includes: an alloy ofmagnesium (Mg) and at least one of calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), orbarium (Ba), and a catalyst layer to perform hydrogenation ordehydrogenation in the switching layer.
 18. The display apparatus asclaimed in claim 12, wherein the display layer includes: a firstelectrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and anintermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrodeand including an organic emission layer.
 19. The display apparatus asclaimed in claim 12, wherein the display layer includes: a pixelelectrode, a common electrode facing the pixel electrode, and a liquidcrystal layer between the pixel electrode and the common electrode. 20.A display apparatus, comprising: a display layer including anon-emission area and an emission area; an encapsulation layer over thedisplay layer; and a reflective layer on the encapsulation layer,wherein the reflective layer includes a first opening corresponding tothe emission area and a reflecting area adjacent the first opening andcorresponding to the non-emission area, the reflective layer to transmitlight in a display mode and to reflect light in a mirror mode.